Vitamin A
Vitamin A is a fat-soluble nutrient involved in normal vision, immune function, cellular communication, growth and development. Foods provide either preformed vitamin A or provitamin A carotenoids.
What it does in the body
- Supports normal vision
- Contributes to immune function
- Supports cell growth and differentiation
- Participates in normal reproduction and development
Daily reference intake
In the U.S. DRI system, adults need 900 µg RAE/day for men and 700 µg RAE/day for women. Pregnancy and lactation needs differ by life stage.
What can deficiency look like?
- Night blindness
- Dryness of the eyes
- Impaired immune function in severe deficiency
Who may be at higher risk?
- People with fat-malabsorption disorders
- Some people with pancreatic or intestinal disease
- People with very limited diets
Food sources
A varied diet is the first place to look for nutrients. Availability and nutrient content can vary by food, preparation and country.
Food-source note: Orange, yellow and dark-green vegetables provide provitamin A carotenoids; animal foods can provide preformed vitamin A.
Absorption & practical context
Vitamin A is fat soluble, so normal fat digestion and absorption are important for uptake.
Important interactions
- Systemic retinoid medicines can increase the risk of excessive vitamin A exposure
Safety and context
The adult UL for preformed vitamin A is 3,000 µg RAE/day. High intakes of preformed vitamin A can be toxic, and pregnancy requires particular caution.
Scientific sources
NIH Office of Dietary Supplements — Vitamin A ↗ EU Register of Nutrition and Health Claims ↗Products whose current label lists this nutrient
The entries below are based on current manufacturer label information for the selected market. Compare the stated amount per daily serving and read the official product page before purchasing.