Vitamins

Vitamin C

Vitamin C is a water-soluble antioxidant and enzyme cofactor. It is required for collagen synthesis, participates in immune function and improves absorption of non-heme iron from plant foods.

Educational information only. Not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis or treatment.
Prepared byNutriReference Editorial Team
Last updated2026-10-07
Source standardPublic-health & scientific sources
Adult RDA: 90 mg/day for men and 75 mg/day for women in the U.S. DRI system
People who smoke require an additional 35 mg/day
Fruits and vegetables are the main food sources
Large supplemental doses commonly cause gastrointestinal symptoms

What it does in the body

Daily reference intake

In the U.S. DRI system, adult men need 90 mg/day and adult women 75 mg/day; pregnancy and lactation increase requirements, and people who smoke require 35 mg/day more.

What can deficiency look like?

Who may be at higher risk?

Food sources

A varied diet is the first place to look for nutrients. Availability and nutrient content can vary by food, preparation and country.

Red and green peppers
Oranges, grapefruit and other citrus fruits
Kiwifruit
Strawberries
Broccoli and Brussels sprouts
Tomatoes and tomato juice

Food-source note: Vitamin C is heat sensitive and water soluble, so prolonged cooking and cooking in large amounts of water can reduce content.

Absorption & practical context

Intestinal absorption is efficient at moderate intakes but the percentage absorbed falls as intake becomes very high.

Important interactions

Safety and context

High doses can cause diarrhea, nausea and abdominal cramps. The adult upper intake level in the U.S. DRI system is 2,000 mg/day.

Scientific sources

NIH Office of Dietary Supplements — Vitamin C ↗ EU Register of Nutrition and Health Claims ↗

Products whose current label lists this nutrient

The entries below are based on current manufacturer label information for the selected market. Compare the stated amount per daily serving and read the official product page before purchasing.