Vitamin E
Vitamin E is a fat-soluble nutrient with antioxidant activity. Alpha-tocopherol is the form used to meet human vitamin E requirements and helps protect cell membranes from oxidative damage.
What it does in the body
- Functions as a lipid-soluble antioxidant
- Helps protect cell membranes from oxidative damage
- Supports normal immune and cellular functions
Daily reference intake
The U.S. RDA is 15 mg/day of alpha-tocopherol for adults; lactation increases this to 19 mg/day.
What can deficiency look like?
- Deficiency is rare in healthy people
- Severe deficiency can cause peripheral neuropathy, muscle weakness and retinal problems
Who may be at higher risk?
- People with disorders that impair fat absorption
- People with rare inherited disorders of vitamin E metabolism
Food sources
A varied diet is the first place to look for nutrients. Availability and nutrient content can vary by food, preparation and country.
Food-source note: Nuts, seeds and vegetable oils are among the most concentrated food sources of vitamin E.
Absorption & practical context
Vitamin E is fat soluble and requires normal fat digestion and absorption.
Important interactions
- High-dose vitamin E supplements can increase bleeding risk with anticoagulant or antiplatelet medicines
Safety and context
The adult U.S. UL for supplemental alpha-tocopherol is 1,000 mg/day. High-dose supplements should not be assumed to provide additional health benefit.
Scientific sources
NIH Office of Dietary Supplements — Vitamin E ↗ EU Register of Nutrition and Health Claims ↗Products whose current label lists this nutrient
The entries below are based on current manufacturer label information for the selected market. Compare the stated amount per daily serving and read the official product page before purchasing.