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Evidence-aware, independent and current information about vitamins, minerals, nutrients and healthy living.
Vitamin B12
Vitamin B12 (cobalamin) is a water-soluble vitamin required for normal red blood cell formation, DNA synthesis and normal neurological function. Unlike many water-soluble vitamins, the body can store substantial amounts of B12, so deficiency may take years to become obvious.

Supports normal red blood cell formation
Required for DNA synthesis
Important for development, myelination and normal function of the central nervous system
Natural Food Sources
Vitamin B12 is found mainly in animal-derived foods. NutriReference presents normal food sources before any commercial options.
Symptoms & Questions
Learn about fatigue, memory concerns, cramps and more.
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Scientific Sources
Content relies on reputable public-health and regulatory sources.
Explore popular topics
Start with the nutrient itself, not a brand or a product claim.
Understand the symptom before the supplement
Explore common symptoms, possible causes and when professional evaluation may be appropriate.
Built on scientific and reliable sources
Nutrition information is supported by public-health authorities, regulatory sources and verified product labels.
NIH ODS
Vitamin, mineral and supplement fact sheets.
EU Register
Authorised nutrition and health claims and conditions of use.
NHS / MedlinePlus
Symptom and general health reference pages.
Manufacturer label
Used only to verify what a product contains, the serving and formula version — not to prove treatment effects.

